不同矿藏地区雷电参数分布特征及对比分析

为研究雷电参数与矿藏之间的关系,根据雷电定位系统2013年1月至2022年12月的监测资料,对四川凉山州5个不同矿藏地区（镍矿、铁矿、铜矿、钨矿和锡矿）的地闪频次、雷电流幅值、雷电日等雷电参数分布特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,不同矿藏地区的地闪频次、雷电流幅值、雷电日差异较为明显,在年变化、月变化和日变化中：镍矿地区的地闪频次相较于其余4个矿藏地区最为突出,其余矿藏地区的地闪次数也有明显的差异;不同矿藏地区的雷电流幅值有明显差异,其中钨矿的雷电流平均幅值最大,镍矿的雷电流平均幅值最小;不同矿藏地区的雷电日也有明显的差异,镍矿地区10年的平均雷电日最大,铜矿和钨矿地区次之,铁矿和锡矿地区最小。     

Research on Optimal Delivery Days and Customer Satisfaction Based on Quality Costs

Customer satisfaction is an important index to evaluate the competitiveness and efficiency of an enterprise. Every enterprise is confront with the subject of supplying with the customer satisfactory products at the lowest costs and the highest manufacturing speed. Regarding the delivery days of a coach company as a design variable, this paper builds up an optimization model of customer satisfaction, and suggests an effective method to reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction based on analysis and research.     

考虑滞后效应的复合土工膜土石坝渗流安全性态分析

为提高土石坝渗透压力统计模型的准确性,精确反映上游库水位及降雨对坝体渗流性态的影响,基于复合土工膜土石坝坝体渗流与环境量的非线性特征,提出考虑滞后效应的复合土工膜土石坝渗流分析模型,将前期库水位及降雨对坝体测压管水位的影响视为一个正态分布过程,并采用量子遗传算法对相应影响天数和滞后天数进行智能寻优,确定复合土工膜土石坝坝体测压管水位监控模型。以某土石坝为例,采用所建模型对其多年测压管水位进行拟合,并与传统土石坝测压管水位统计模型拟合结果做了对比,进而验证了该方法的有效性。     

粉煤灰混凝土强度增长规律初探

经过大量试验,初步探讨了粉煤灰掺量、胶水比、养护温度对混凝土28天强度的影响规律,建立的三元数学模型较好地描述了这一强度增长规律。对于粉煤灰混凝土的试配和现场施工,这一数学模型有积极的指导作用。     

波尔多液的亚慢性毒性及其主要影响因素

波尔多液是生产中的常用农药,其在果蔬等食品中的残留可能会对食用安全造成不良影响。而波尔多液的主要活性成分为硫酸铜,其他成分有氧化钙等。为了评价波尔多液的亚慢性毒性并研究影响其亚慢性毒性的主要因素,通过SD大鼠30天喂养实验,分别以波尔多液和硫酸铜为受试物,观察大鼠生理状况,记录其体重和进食量,并对各组实验动物血液学指标、血液生化学指标以及脏器病理学指标进行了检测。结果表明,各组大鼠生长良好,生理状况正常,各项指标与对照组相比无明显异常。故波尔多液和硫酸铜无明显亚慢性毒性作用,波尔多液的最大无作用剂量超过50mg/kgBW,作为农药较为安全可靠。波尔多液主要成分硫酸铜最大无作用剂量超过125mg/kgBW,对波尔多液的亚慢性毒性无不良影响。     

路基含水率变化特征原位监测试验研究

为了研究多雨地区路基含水率的变化特征,选取广州市北二环高速公路一高填方路段为研究实体,采用TDR水分传感器,对不同深度路基的体积含水率进行了为期半年的原位监测。结果表明,雨季来临时,路基的含水率变化较大,最大值达到14%,在土路基顶部一定范围内甚至接近饱和;路基土的含水率因距离路表的深度不同,在降雨入渗过程中,湿度变化出现较明显的时序性;在距离路表一定深度的路基内,土体的体积含水率的变异特性基本一致。     

Voluntary waiting period and adoption of synchronized breeding in dairy herd improvement herds

Voluntary waiting period and adoption of synchronized breeding (ovulation synchronization followed by timed artificial insemination) were characterized from 33 million services of Holsteins and Jerseys in Dairy Herd Improvement herds. Calving month, calving year, and parity had large effects on days to first service for both breeds. Holstein cows that calved during March and April were bred later than those that calved during other months (February and March for Jerseys), whereas cows that calved during September and October were bred earlier. First-parity cows had longer days to first service than did second-parity cows. Herd-year voluntary waiting period was measured as the days postpartum by which 10% of cows had received a first insemination. Median days to reach 10% of cows bred were 55.5 d. Over 65% of herds had 10% of cows inseminated by 60 d postpartum, the voluntary waiting period assumed for national evaluations for daughter pregnancy rate. Herd-years with synchronized breeding at first insemination were identified through χ² analysis based on deviation of observed frequency of first inseminations by day of the week from an expected equal frequency and by the maximum percentage of cows inseminated on a particular day of the week. Herds that were identified as having synchronized breeding had fewer days to first service (17.0), more services (0.16/cow), and fewer days open (9.1) than did herds that were classified as having traditional estrus detection. Synchronized herds also had a standard deviation for days to first service that was only 38% as large as that for herds that bred on observed estrus. Adoption of synchronized breeding for first services steadily increased from 1.9% of herd-years (2% of cows) for 1996 to 19.9% of herd-years (34.9% of cows) for 2005. Procedures for genetic evaluation of daughter pregnancy rate should be examined to determine if herd regimen for reproductive management affects results.     

汉语“可能”、“必然”意义表达的发展

文章选取先秦、明清和现代三个时段的语料来探究汉语“可能”、“必然”意义表达的发展。在《论》《孟》《老》《庄》里,“可得”（可能）的用例都能换成“可以”,并仅出现于否定句和反问句。“必”修饰动词,用于某些具体条件下,尚不表达“无条件”,它有时被夸张使用。“可得”和“必”都有明显的强调色彩。明清语料里,“可得”的表达依旧,“必然”已经发展成能作主语、谓语、宾语和定语的词。先秦和明清语料中表必然的都比表或然的多一倍以上。时代越早,语言越情绪化。真的“可能”见于中古,但是长期不发展。现代爆炸式发展,与“必然”构成     

湖南电网覆冰演变规律研究与应用

许多专家学者将2008年湖南电网冰灾定义为百年一遇,这种界定需要结合历史情况进行验证。为此,统计分析了1951~2008年湖南雨淞日数数据,发现湖南自建国以来发生了4次特别严重覆冰,且湖南地区雨淞演变存在一个约20 a的准周期。湖南电网2005~2008年发生的2次大型冰灾,预示着湖南已进入15~20 a的雨凇多发期。对湖南雨淞日数与气象因素进行分析研究,发现湖南电网覆冰与太阳黑子、副高等因素密切相关。据此,在2008-11提出"2008~2009年冬季湖南电网不会出现特别严重覆冰","全省平均覆冰日数<10 d"等预测结论。该预测结果为湖南电网制定了2008~2009年湖南电网防冻融冰工作计划提供了指导。2008~2009年冬季覆冰监测结果显示,全省平均雨凇日数为线路平均覆冰日数为1.87 d,与预测结果十分符合。